Plasmaféresis tiroidea / Thyroid plasmapheresis

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Factors Associated with Pulmonary Embolism Recurrence and the Benefits of Long-term Anticoagulant Therapy.

BACKGROUND: Venous thromboemboli tend to recur. However, the causative factors underlying pulmonary embolism recurrence are not well defined. AIMS: To explore the factors associated with pulmonary embolism recurrence. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients diagnosed with pulmonary emboli between 2004 and 2013 at our institution were enrolled. Duration of anticoagulant therapy, new episodes of venous thromboembolism, and deaths were recorded. RESULTS: Pulmonary embolism was diagnosed in 528 patients (median age: 76 years, interquartile range [IQR]: 16; male: 45%). The median follow-up time was 34 months (IQR: 52). In total, 477 patients completed ≥3 months of anticoagulation therapy. Permanent anticoagulation was indicated in 217 (45%) patients, and therapy was discontinued in 260 (55%) patients. Overall, 79 patients experienced a recurrence (5.6 per patient-year). Recurrence was significantly associated with anticoagulation discontinuation (4% vs. 27% of patients who maintained or discontinued therapy, respectively; P<0.001; 95% confidence interval -0.95, -0.86). The median duration between anticoagulation withdrawal and recurrence was 6.5 months (IQR: 23.25). Factors associated with recurrence were unprovoked pulmonary embolism (odds ratio [OR]: 0.45), a greater degree of pulmonary arterial obstruction (OR: 2.5), a delay in initiation of anticoagulation (OR: 3), and higher plasma D-dimer levels during treatment (OR: 2.3). Survival rates were improved for patients who maintained anticoagulation therapy relative to those who discontinued. CONCLUSION: Pulmonary embolism has a high recurrence rate. Permanent anticoagulant therapy should be considered for patients with idiopathic pulmonary embolism, a high thrombotic burden, and persistently elevated D-dimer levels during treatment, and for patients where therapy was initially delayed.

Aumento de la incidencia de cáncer de tiroides en Navarra. Evolución y características clínicas, 1986-2010 / Increased incidence of thyroid cancer in Navarra (Spain). Evolution and clinical characteristics, 1986-2010

Introducción: En los últimos estudios publicados se observa un aumento de la incidencia de cáncer de tiroides a nivel mundial. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los cambios en la incidencia de cáncer de tiroides en Navarra, y su presentación en cuanto a sexo, subtipo histológico y tamaño a lo largo de los últimos 25 años. Métodos: Se calcularon las tasas de incidencia de cáncer de tiroides a partir de los datos del Registro de Cáncer de Navarra durante el periodo 1986-2010. Los datos clínicos se obtuvieron de la cohorte histórica del Registro Hospitalario de Cáncer de Navarra, que incluye todos los nuevos casos de carcinoma diferenciado de tiroides diagnosticados y tratados en la red sanitaria pública de esta comunidad en dicho periodo. Resultados: La incidencia global de cáncer de tiroides en Navarra ha aumentado en estos 25 años con un incremento en la tasa ajustada en varones de 2,24 (1986-1990) a 5,85 (2006-2010) por 100.000 habitantes/año (p<0,001), y en mujeres de 9,05 a 14,04, respectivamente (p<0,001). Este aumento se produjo únicamente a expensas del carcinoma papilar. En el ámbito hospitalario, se estudiaron 739 pacientes con cáncer diferenciado de tiroides. La edad media al diagnóstico aumentó a lo largo de los años y el predominio de mujeres (alrededor del 80%) se mantuvo estable. El tamaño tumoral medio disminuyó a lo largo de los quinquenios de 30,9 a 22,5mm (p<0,001), la proporción de microcarcinomas (T1a) aumentó de 8,8% a 30% (p<0,001) y, a pesar de este aumento, no hubo diferencias estadísticas en el estadio TNM al diagnóstico durante el periodo de estudio. La distribución de las variantes histológicas de carcinoma papilar y folicular no se modificó a lo largo de los 25 años. Conclusiones: Durante el período estudiado la incidencia de cáncer de tiroides ha aumentado en Navarra en ambos sexos. El aumento se ha producido a expensas del carcinoma papilar, sin cambios en la distribución de las variantes histológicas. Destaca el aumento en la proporción de tumores T1a, pero se mantiene la distribución por estadio TNM. Estos resultados sugieren un incremento del diagnóstico de microcarcinomas tiroideos por cambios en la práctica clínica, sin descartar además un incremento real de la incidencia del carcinoma papilar en Navarra (AU)

Introduction: The latest published studies show an increased incidence of thyroid cancer worldwide. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in the incidence of thyroid cancer in Navarra and its clinical presentation regarding sex, histological subtype and size over the last 25 years. Methods: Thyroid cancer incidence rates were calculated on the basis of data from the Cancer Registry of Navarra during 1986-2010. Clinical data were obtained from the historical cohort of the Hospital Registry of Cancer of Navarra, which includes all the new cases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma diagnosed and treated in the public health network of this Community in that period. Results: The overall incidence of thyroid cancer in Navarra increased over the last 25 years, with an increase in the adjusted rate in men from 2.24 (1986-1990) to 5.85 (2006-2010) per 100,000 population/year (P<.001) and in women from 9.05 to 14.04, respectively (P<.001). This increase occurs only in papillary carcinoma. The clinical characteristics of 739 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer were studied. The mean age at diagnosis increased over the years and the predominance of women (about 80%) remains stable. Mean tumor size decreased over the five-year periods from 30.9 to 22.5mm (P<.001), the proportion of microcarcinomas (T1a) increased from 8.8% to 30% (P<.001) and, despite this increase, there were no statistical differences in the TNM stage at diagnosis during the study period. The distribution of histological variants of papillary and follicular carcinoma did not change over 25 years. Conclusions: During the period studied, the incidence of thyroid cancer increased in Navarra in both sexes. The increase occurred only in papillary carcinoma, without changes in the distribution of his histological variants. The increase in the proportion of T1a tumors is remarkable, but the TNM stage distribution was maintained. These results suggest an increase in the diagnosis of thyroid microcarcinomas due to changes in clinical practice, without ruling out a real increase in the incidence of papillary carcinoma in Navarra (AU)

Increased incidence of thyroid cancer in Navarra (Spain). Evolution and clinical characteristics, 1986-2010. / Aumento de la incidencia de cáncer de tiroides en Navarra. Evolución y características clínicas, 1986-2010.

INTRODUCTION: The latest published studies show an increased incidence of thyroid cancer worldwide. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in the incidence of thyroid cancer in Navarra and its clinical presentation regarding sex, histological subtype and size over the last 25 years. METHODS: Thyroid cancer incidence rates were calculated on the basis of data from the Cancer Registry of Navarra during 1986-2010. Clinical data were obtained from the historical cohort of the Hospital Registry of Cancer of Navarra, which includes all the new cases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma diagnosed and treated in the public health network of this Community in that period. RESULTS: The overall incidence of thyroid cancer in Navarra increased over the last 25 years, with an increase in the adjusted rate in men from 2.24 (1986-1990) to 5.85 (2006-2010) per 100,000 population/year (P<.001) and in women from 9.05 to 14.04, respectively (P<.001). This increase occurs only in papillary carcinoma. The clinical characteristics of 739 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer were studied. The mean age at diagnosis increased over the years and the predominance of women (about 80%) remains stable. Mean tumor size decreased over the five-year periods from 30.9 to 22.5mm (P<.001), the proportion of microcarcinomas (T1a) increased from 8.8% to 30% (P<.001) and, despite this increase, there were no statistical differences in the TNM stage at diagnosis during the study period. The distribution of histological variants of papillary and follicular carcinoma did not change over 25 years. CONCLUSIONS: During the period studied, the incidence of thyroid cancer increased in Navarra in both sexes. The increase occurred only in papillary carcinoma, without changes in the distribution of his histological variants. The increase in the proportion of T1a tumors is remarkable, but the TNM stage distribution was maintained. These results suggest an increase in the diagnosis of thyroid microcarcinomas due to changes in clinical practice, without ruling out a real increase in the incidence of papillary carcinoma in Navarra.

Trombosis venosa mesentérica asociada a infección por CMV / Mesenteric vein thrombosis associated with a cytomegalovirus infection

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